Aetius Attila’s Nemesis Read online

  17. Sid. Ap. Carmina, 7.424ff.

  18. cf. Jordanes (Get. 41 [218]), who describes his rule as ‘mild’.

  19. Quarrel, Hyd. s.a. 452; Prosp. s.a 453; Addit. ad Prosp. Haun. s.a. 453; Chron. Gall. 511, no. 621; Jord. Get. 228; Greg. Tur. 2.7.

  20. Greg. Tur. 2.7.

  21. Addit. ad Prosp. Haun. s.a. 453; Jord. Get. 229.

  22. Hyd. s.a. 452–453.

  23. Prosp. s.a. 453.

  24. Jord. Get. 38 (199–200).

  25. Prisc. fr. 30. 1. = Joh. Ant. fr. 201.

  26. The information on this battle is drawn from Priscus (fr. 30. 1. = Joh. Ant. fr. 201) unless otherwise stated.

  27. Prisc. fr. 30. 1. = Joh. Ant. fr. 201.

  28. Hyd. s.a. 453–4.

  29. Joh. Ant. fr. 201.6: on Vicus Helena see Chapter X.

  30. Sid. Ap. Carmina, 5.290–300.

  31. Ibid. 5. passim.

  32. Prosp. s.a. 454.

  33. Heather, The World of the Huns, p. 372.

  34. PLRE 2, Maximus 22, 749–751.

  35. On his support, see Chapter 11.

  36. Prisc. fr. 30 =Joh. Ant. fr. 201. cf. Prosp. s.a. 454.

  37. Prosp. s.a. 454. cf. Evag. 2.7 (54).

  38. 21 Sept = Addit. ad Prosp. Haun. s.a. 454: 22 Sept = Ann. Rav. s.a. 454.

  39. Prisc. fr. 30. 1. = Joh. Ant. fr. 201.

  40. Prisc. fr. 30. 1. = Joh. Ant. fr. 201; Cass. Chron. s.a. 454; Marc. com. s.a. 454; Vict. Tonn. s.a. 454; Prosp. s.a. 454; Theoph. AM 5946: Evag. 2.7 (54).

  41. Aetius killed along with a number of honorati (distinguished citizens), Hyd. s.a. 454.

  42. Prisc. fr. 30 =Joh. Ant. fr. 201.

  43. Proc. 3.4.28.

  44. Oost, ‘Aetius and Majorian’, p. 25.

  45. Sid. Ap. Carmina, 5.306–308: Joh. Ant. fr. 201, 4-5.

  46. Hyd. s.a. 453-4.

  47. Prisc. fr. 30 =Joh. Ant. fr. 201. Priscus claims that Maximus also wanted to be patricius, but other evidence suggests that he was already patricius in 454: PLRE Vol. 2, Maximus 22, 750–751.

  48. Addit. Ad Prosp. Haun. s.a. 455.

  49. Prisc. fr. 30.1.

  50. Evag. 2.7: analysis, Whitby, The Ecclesiastical History of Evagrius Scholasticus, 82, n. 87.

  51. Oost, ‘Aetius and Majorian’, p. 25.

  52. Joh. Mal. 360; Addit. Ad Prosp. Haun. s.a. 455; Marc. com. s.a. 455; Jord. Rom. 334; John Ant. fr. 201.5; Greg. Tur. 2.8; PLRE Vol. 2, Placidus Valentinianus 4, 1139; plot by Maximus and Heraclius, Vict. Tonn. s.a. 455.

  Chapter 17

  1. Prisc. fr. 30.1 = Joh. Ant. fr. 201.

  2. Prisc. fr. 30.1 = Joh. Ant. fr. 201.

  3. Prisc. fr. 30.1 = Joh. Ant. fr. 201. cf. PLRE 2, Maximianus 5, and Blockley, The Fragmentary Classicising Historians of the Later Roman Empire, p. 393, n.134.

  4. Prisc. fr. 30.1 = Joh. Ant. fr. 201.

  5. Theoph. AM 5947.

  6. Joh. Ant. fr. 201.6. Hyd. s.a. 455.

  7. Prisc. fr. 30.1 = Joh. Ant. fr. 201; Addit. ad Prosp. Haun. s.a. 455; Vict. Tonn. s.a. 455; Joh. Mal. 360, 365; Evag. 2.7 etc.

  8. Joh. Ant. fr. 201.6.

  9. For example, Halsall, 2, Barbarian Migrations, Heather, Fall of the Roman Empire and Mitchell, History of the Later Roman Empire ignore Eudoxia’s alleged part in Gaiseric’s actions, simply noting that Gaiseric was attempting to avenge the insult to his son by Eudocia’s betrothal to Palladius.

  10. Theoph. AM 5947.

  11. Prisc. fr. 30.1 = Joh. Ant. fr. 201; Evag. 2.7 (54).

  12. Clover, Flavius Merobaudes, p. 54, esp. n.115. See Chapter 11.

  13. cf. Halsall, Barbarian Migrations, p. 255.

  14. Dissolution of the peace treaty, Eudoxia’s message, and the weakness of the new regime, Prisc. fr. 30.1 = Joh. Ant. fr. 201.

  15. Sid. Ap. Carmina, 7.369–375.

  16. Ibid., esp. 7.377–378, 432 and 464–8. See Sidonius Apollinaris, Poems and Letters, Anderson (tr.), pp. 148–149, n. 6.

  17. Sid. Ap. Carmina, 7.360ff.

  18. Ibid., 7.388ff.

  19. See Chapter 14.

  20. Heather, Fall of the Roman Empire, p. 378.

  21. Prisc. fr. 30.1 = Joh. Ant. fr. 201.

  22. Date, Theoph. AM 5947; cf. Prosp. s.a. 455. The Fasti Vindobonenses Priori date the event to 12 June, but see Bury, History of the Later Roman Empire, p. 205 and n. 2: note that the Anonymus Cuspiniani are now referred to as the Fasti Vindobonenses Priori.

  23. Prisc. fr. 30.1 = Joh. Ant. fr. 201.

  24. Prisc. fr. 30.1 = Joh. Ant. fr. 201; Prosp. s.a. 455.

  25. Prosp. s.a. 455. Vict. Tonn. s.a. 455; Joh. Mal. 14.26 (365–6); Theoph AM 5947, etc.

  26. Hyd. s.a. 455.

  27. Theoph. AM 5947.

  28. Prisc. fr. 24.

  29. Hyd. s.a. 456; Prisc. fr. 24; Sid. Ap. Carmina 2.367.

  30. Auct. Prosp. Haun. s.a. 456.

  31. Isidore of Seville, Chron. 110.

  32. Joh. Ant. fr. 201.6; 202.

  33. Joh. Ant. fr. 202.

  34. Auct. Prosp. Haun. s.a. 456; Vict. Tonn. s.a. 456; Joh. Ant. fr. 202; Theoph. AM 5948.

  35. Fast. Vind. Prior. s.a. 457 (582).

  36. Sid. Ap. Carmina 5.373–385.

  37. Fast. Vind. Prior. s.a. 457 (583).

  38. Maenchen-Helfen, World of the Huns, pp. 142, 162.

  39. Theoph. AM 5949.

  40. Chron. Pasch. s.a. 455; Chron. Pasch. s.a. 464. cf. Joh. Mal. 14.31 (368) and Evagrius (2.7 [54]), who claims that Eudoxia and Placidia were returned ‘to placate Marcian in the East’. See also Theoph. AM 5949.

  41. Evag. 2.7 (54–5).

  42. Sid. Ap. Carmina 5. 203–206; Hyd. s.a. 455; Joh. Ant. fr. 88.

  Conclusion

  1. Sid. Ap. Carmina 7. 230.

  2. Heather, Fall of the Roman Empire, p. 262.

  3. Ibid., pp. 262–3.

  4. Sid. Ap. Carmina 7. 230.

  5. Elton, ‘Defence in Fifth-Century Gaul’, p. 170.

  6. Brown, World of Late Antiquity, p. 119

  7. Halsall, Barbarian Migrations, p. 252.

  8. cf. ibid. p. 250f.

  9. Heather, Fall of the Roman Empire, p. 348.

  10. Hughes, Stilicho, p. 177ff.

  11. Ibid., p. 210ff.

  12. cf. CAH, 537.

  13. See, for example, Ward-Perkins, Fall of Rome, p. 54.

  14. Based on Elton, Warfare in Roman Europe, p. 55.

  15. Hughes, Stilicho, pp. 213–214.

  16. Elton, ‘Defence in Fifth-Century Gaul’, p. 171.

  17. cf. Halsall, Barbarian Migrations, p. 248.

  18. Brown, World of Late Antiquity, p. 124.

  19. This can be compared with Stilicho, who had earlier sent a man named Mascezel to Africa to reconquer the province, but after the success of the campaign had had Mascezel killed.

  20. Gibbon, History of the Decline and Fall, Vol. 2, p. 382.

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